Attachment Neuroscience Psychology

Oxytocin: Looking beyond the “Bonding or Love Hormone”

Some time ago, I started my Attachment Insights series , in which I aim to provide examples of the most prevalent discussions surrounding attachment theory anddscience, together with the most accurate and up-to-date explanations.

In my sixth Attachment Insights post, I looked at the popular idea of oxytocin as the “bonding or love hormone” and explained why that story is incomplete.

A series of recent papers, several of them led by Daniel Quintana and colleagues, now positions oxytocin not as a dedicated prosocial signal but as an allostatic, energy-regulating and predictive hormone, and most recently as a hormone of behavioural flexibility.

In parallel, our own published perspective in Communications Psychology as “A narrative on the neurobiological roots of attachment-system functioning” places oxytocin mechanistically inside the attachment behavioural cycle in precisely these terms.

In this post, I would like to revisit and extend my Attachment Insights post #06 by looking at oxytocin from an attachment perspective and explaining its function as a (social) allostatic and predictive hormone. Let’s have a closer look!

The structure is as follows:
1️⃣ The Incomplete Story: Why “Bonding Hormone” Falls Short
2️⃣ From Social Salience to Allostasis
3️⃣ The Energy Dimension: Oxytocin and the Body Budget
4️⃣ The Predictive Dimension: Oxytocin, Precision, and Active Inference
5️⃣ Tend-and-Defend and Tend-and-Befriend
6️⃣ Oxytocin Inside the Attachment Cycle
7️⃣ Oxytocin as a Behavioural Flexibility Hormone, and Why That Matters for Resilience
8️⃣ An Honest Limitation
9️⃣ A short take-home message

Click on the link below to read the entire post on Substack.

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Dr Pascal Vrticka is a social neuroscientist with strong ties to developmental & social psychology. His research focuses on the psychological, behavioural, biological, and brain basis of human social interaction, attachment and caregiving. Besides measuring neurobiological responses to different kinds of social versus non-social information in single participants using (functional) magnetic resonance imaging ([f]MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), Dr Vrticka most recently started to assess bio-behavioural synchrony in interacting pairs using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning. The main question thereby is how romantic partners and parents with their children get “in sync” when they solve problems together or talk to each other. Dr Vrticka furthermore relates the obtained individual and dyadic behavioural, biological, and brain measures to interindividual differences in relationship quality – particularly attachment and caregiving. In doing so, he refers to attachment theory that provides a suitable theoretical framework on how we initiate and maintain interpersonal relationships across the life span. With his research, Dr Vrticka is promoting a new area of investigation: the social neuroscience of human attachment.

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